a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions. Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [14C]Lignocellulose Mineralization January 1984 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46(6):1409-16 We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> decomposition with the microbial decomposition of well-studied polymers such as cellulose and chitin. Thus, the acceleration of the C cycle was primed by exogenous organic C and was controlled by N. This confirms the stoichiometric decomposition theory. Fungi play a key role in the global carbon cycle as the main decomposers of litter and wood. CAB Direct 2020-12-23T16:37:47-08:00 means you agree to our use of cookies. <>stream Current Opinion in Microbiology 2011, 14: 259-263 Davin LB, Lewis NG. 46: 281–289. Anaerobic decomposition takes place in nature, as in the decomposition of the organic muds at the bottom of marshes and in buried organic materials to which oxygen does not have access. Grasshoppers have the potential to be utilized in bioreactors, which could improve straw utilization efficiency in the future. Continuing to use www.cabdirect.org In addition, past application of NPK did not change straw-induced PE while past application of NPKM markedly reduced PE. Bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Cellulose degradation is slightly higher in acidic soil than alkaline or neutral soil. 36 0 obj Biochem J. Interestingly, it was recently shown that the specialized enzymes, lytic poly-saccharide monoxygenases (LPMOs), shown to be important for breaking the recalcitrance of cellulose and chitin, are also found in keratin-degrading fungi. endobj Cellulose is the most abundant organic matter in nature. The complexity of active microorganisms and their interactions utilizing residues is impossible to disentangle without isotope applications. You can now claim your publications on CAB Direct with your ORCID iD! endobj Summary Cellulose is reputedly the most abundant organic polymer in the biosphere, ... View the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Background Grasshoppers are typical phytophagous pests, and they have large appetites with high utilization of plants fibers, the digestion of which may depend on the microorganisms in their intestines. decomposition of silver nitrate solution at different tri-ethanolamine (TEA) concentrations is presented. 1943 Sep; 46 (3):273–280. Biochemical studies on filter paper and cellulose preparations. A simple and precise assay for microbial and enzymatic decomposition of cellulose applicable in agricultural research - Volume 1 Issue 4 - Paul B. Marsh, Marion E. Simpson. Much organic material is added to the soil annually for highly productive agricultural land. Biochemical studies on filter paper and cellulose preparations. Several microorganisms are capable of degrading Cellulose: 1. Cellulose decomposition by aerobic mesophilic bacteria from soil. 12 0 obj Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2.MaterialandMethods 2.1. In this anaerobic microbial digestion process of BC, the reactions were initiated from the BC degradation by a microbial community that existed in the ecosystem, producing their enzymes. carbon—their decomposition potential —and integrates the influences of microbial community structure and environmental factors such as nutrient availability, temperature, and moisture on microbial activity. It is a wild guess that fungi are the main agents of cellulose degradation, when compared to the bacteria and actinomycete group. Experimental endobj endobj 28 0 obj It appearsthatthemillipede-bacterium association is mutualistic and makesavailable tomillipedes anotherwise mostlyunutilizable substrate. We showed that decomposition responses to climate depend on the composition of microbial communities, which is not considered in terrestrial carbon models. The area where the majority of the decomposition fluid leaches into the soil is often referred to as a cadaver decomposition island (CDI). This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible. CAB Direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, 4 Citations. Like most websites we use cookies. Here, we examine which traits explain fungal-mediated wood decomposition. general picture of microbial decomposition of cellulose and the work that had been done up to that time. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of heavy metals on microbial decomposition of cellulose in heavy metal-contaminated soils using a cotton strip assay. Others(33, 34) haveupdatedtheir description to include trends in carboxy-lic acid production and cellulose decomposition but not microbial population development. Jour. monthandin axenic cultures ofwhite-rot basi- bacteria that bind cellulose. This experimentally demonstrates the functioning of the microbial interactions: protozoan grazers provided for rapid recycling of nutrients and facilitated the succession of cellulose-degrading microorganisms during the second week of cellulose decomposition. Cellulose is a simple polymer, but it forms insoluble, crystalline microfibrils, which are highly resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Cellulose Decomposition by Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria from Soil: I. Under the acidic condition, fungi are the primary group of organisms involved in cellulose decomposition, whereas bacteria and actinomycetes act as dominant cellulose decomposers in … Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 2 (3): … <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> Microbial Decomposition ofCellulose in Acidifying Lakes ofSouth-Central Ontario JUDITHF. Although current climate models reflect limited functional variation in microbial groups, fungi differ vastly in their decomposing ability. Intensive reduction of organic matter by putrefaction is usually accompanied by disagreeable odors of hydrogen sulfide and reduced organic compounds which contain sulfur, such as mercaptans (any sulfur-containing organic compound).Put… J.T. Jour. The catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase is a major determinant of chemical and physical properties of BC, meaning that di erent bacterial species are able to generate cellulose … endobj Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily.Chemically, lignins are cross-linked phenolic polymers. From the farmers view point it is important to understand that cellulolytic microorganisms are present in abundance on the floor of the coffee forest. Bacterial Cellulose Membranes. Microbial Decomposition of Cellulose in Acidifying Lakes of South-Central Ontario. Cellulose decomposition in soils did not show age-dependent variation, but decreased with depth. Judith F. M. Hoeniger DOI: Article; Info & Metrics; PDF; ABSTRACT. Degradation of [14C]cellulose by millipedes whose gut floras werereduced byantibiotic treatment and starvation demonstrated areduction in 14Co2 release and 14C assimilation and an increase in 14C excretion over values forcontrols. Carbon dioxide was found to be essential for the decomposition of cellulose and could not be replaced by calcium carbonate. The variation of PE with different past fertilization was closely related to the abundance of fungi … Request PDF | Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria | The details of many microbial processes can only be clarified by using pure cultures. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> Soil was collected from five locations, and nine bacteria and seven fungi capable of degrading cellulose were isolated. It is evident from these findings that dehydrogenase activity was a more sensitive biological parameter than cellulose decomposition or microbial biomass. Cellulose is a linear polymer of β-D-glucose in which glucose units are linked together by β-1,4-glycosidic bond. In our previous study, the anaerobic microbial digestion of bacterial cellulose (BC) was successfully monitored using solid-, solution- and gas-state NMR spectroscopy with stable isotope labeling . Google Scholar ——. [PMC free article] Microbial Decomposition ofCellulose in Acidifying Lakes ofSouth-Central Ontario JUDITHF. II. prediction of decomposition rates should take into account the physiology and enzymatic function of microbial decomposers (Schimel and Weintraub 2003). In months 4–12, with high endocellulase and endoxylanase activities, decomposition of cellulose prevailed and 31.8% of litter mass was lost. Decomposition fluids and soil microbiology. Cellulose decomposition by aerobic mesophilic bacteria from soil. 1. N for efficient exo-enzyme generation and cellulose decomposition. CAB Direct provides The products of cellulose decomposition included carbon dioxide, a pigment resembling riboflavin, a bacterial polysaccharide, and traces of acid. 1 0 obj In sole C treatments, positive PE was accompanied by a decrease in specific microbial growth rates, confirming a greater contribution of K‐strategists to the decomposition of native SOM. endobj The rate of cellulose breakdown and density of bacterial populations were measured in the epilimnetic sediments and water columns of lakes in central Ontario that differ in pH, alkalinity, and nutrient status and are particularly sensitive to acidic inputs from atmospheric decomposition. 37 0 obj <>stream "The taxonomy of the cellulose-decomposing bacteria 3 Cellulose Decomposition by Microbial Secretions As mentioned earlier, the crystalline nature of cellulose rende rs it highly resistant to enzymatic decomposition. 1943(3). <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> Cellulose synthase is a membrane-embedded glycosyltransferase composed of two or three subunits [13]. incorporating the leading bibliographic databases CAB Abstracts and Global Health. endobj H. P. Mašková 1 nAff2 & F. Kunc 1 Folia Microbiologica volume 33, Article number: 474 (1988) Cite this article. Two fundamental questions will be Organic material decomposition. Extensive online help - available wherever you are in CAB Direct. Google Scholar ——. to microbial attack. same site based on microbial growth on 13C-labelled cellulose. Abstract. 53 0 obj NOTES 553 0 03,Z02 I 0.1 X 4 79 47 36 70 DAYS FIG. Jour. Symbols: 0, soil; 0, soil with cellulose andsalts; A, sludge; A, sludge withcellulose andsalts. 20 0 obj In this laboratory exercise, a technique is described for studying decomposition of organic matter such as cellulose paper, cotton cloth (calico) and straw in soil. J. Chem. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. 172 A. KATAYAMA et al. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> This encompasses the groups of parameters governing two mechanisms of priming effects – microbial N mining and stoichiometric decomposition theories. H��W]o�8}ϯ�c�~Jbߒ63�`&�&�P`�ڊ��-y$e�����KR��bї&��q�9��}&�J$[���y"i�Ă'�b�?��fO����]>���H�C*��OgK�P�X. This monograph, in which the author aims at presenting a comprehensive collection of facts covering the whole subject of fungal and bacterial attack on cotton fabrics [cf. Cellulose and straw substrates are placed in soil and periodically removed, dried, weighed and their dry mass determined to calculate the per cent mass loss over time. OR SEARCH CITATIONS endobj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> They emphasized the chaotic condition of the classification of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, and on the basis of their work, reached the following conclusion (Fuller and Norman, 1943)°. 46 : 281–289. The mode of action or the mechanism of microbial degradation can only be explained when the enzyme preparations used are homogenous, i.e. uuid:2d89a919-1dd2-11b2-0a00-540827bd3700 2011 Microbial diversity of cellulose hydrolysis. An increase in the activity of cellulolytic enzymes caused short-term real PE accompanied by increase in abundance of slow … Cellulose decomposition by aerobic mesophilic bacteria from soil. The association of xylan with cellulose in certain structural celluloses. Decomposition fluids entering the soil represent an important influx of organic matter and can also contain a large microbial load of organisms from the body. Fuller WH, Norman AG. This indicated an increased contribution of r‐strategists to the PE and to decomposition of cellulose but the decreased hemicellulolytic and proteolytic activities. %PDF-1.4 %���� Microbial decomposition of carboxymethyl cellulose continuously added to the soil. Decomposition of crop residues in soil is mediated by microorganisms whose activities vary with fertilization. Plant residues provide the major source of SOM, and their biodegradation is critical to ecosystem productivity. Find out more about this exciting new development, Using our new visualization tools you can, Using our new highlighting and annotation tool you can, remove selected records that are not saved in My CABI, sign you out of your Bacteria, on the other hand, adhere to the outer surface and pit their way inward. <> In plant it occurs in association with lignin and hemicellulose. Capturing and characterizing the cellulose-bound populations from Great Boiling Spring Hot springs are attractive environments for studying cellu-lose decomposition because they continue to be a source of unexplored genetic diversity [20, 21], and the environ-mental conditions often mirror the pretreatment of lig- All Publications/Website. J Bacteriol. There are over 13,659,000 records available in CAB Direct | Last updated on December 23, 2020. The presence of inorganic nutrients greatly enhanced cellulose mineralization, which is expected due to the documented requirement of e.g. III. 60 Accesses. It is the most abundant organic matter found in nature. Bact. Trevors Department of Environmental Biology , University of Guelph , supervisor of Microbial Technology, Guelph,Ontario, Canada , NIG 2W1 E-mail: jtrevors@uoguelph.ca . <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> Bact. These isolates were evaluated using wet fermentation techniques, and two bacterial and two fungal isolates capable of degrading from 32Œ52% of available cellulose were selected for It is a polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked together in a linear chain of 1-4-glycosidic linkage. David B Wilson. Decomposition ofpolystyrene in soil and activated sludge (aeration tank). microbial decomposition using three categories of operation mode (Batch, fed-batch and repeated batch).Production of bacterial cellulose in this experiment include the production of inoculum using the fresh coconut water and it was conduct under Its advantages are low cost, and high effect on increasing yield of crops and improving soil. 1943(4). PDF; Significance. endobj Microbial community structure (based on PLFA composition)and functions (based on enzyme activities and on microbial growth parameters) revealed mechanisms and drivers of priming effects (PE) induced by cellulose addition. Antimi-crobial tests for the BC-silver nanoparticles composite membranes were also considered. 16 (4): 407-415 Dimarogona M, Topakas E, Christakopoulos P. (2012) Cellulose degradation by oxidative enzymes. 4 0 obj Cellulose decomposition in soils did not show age-dependent variation, but decreased with depth. A composite bacterial preparation for decomposing the plant straw or stalk to obtain bacterial fertilizer is prepared from cellulose decomposing bacteria (8-40 vol portions), bacillus (30-50), yeast (10-20) and mould (30-50) through slant culturing, culturing bacterial strains, and preparing the product. The increases in straw decomposition were closely associated with microbial capacity to depolymerize cellulose that supported by whole bacterial and fungal community. It is evident from these findings that dehydrogenase activity was a more sensitive biological parameter than cellulose decomposition or microbial biomass. Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are the main structural substances of ryegrass (Lyons et al., 2013). 115, 529, et passim]. Because plants typically contain up to 60% cellulose (Kögel-Knabner, 2002), the decomposition of cellulose is a key activity of soil bacteria and is vital to the energy flow through soils and the cycling of N, P, and S, where immobilization generally accompanies cellulose decomposition. 8 0 obj R.A.M., 28, pp. After different microbial degradation treatment, the peak at 3400 cm −1 hardly changed. Evan M. Gora, Jane M. Lucas, Stephen P. Yanoviak, Microbial Composition and Wood Decomposition Rates Vary with Microclimate From the Ground to the Canopy in a Tropical Forest, Ecosystems, 10.1007/s10021-019-00359-9, (2019). Abstract. a single protein component. Educ. The microbial biomass gave similar values in each layer of each soil. uuid:2d89a91d-1dd2-11b2-0a00-5b0000000000 CELLULOSE DECOMPOSITION. microbial origin. Theobjective ofthis study wasto characterize the … endobj We overcame the difficulty of disentangling biotic and abiotic effects on decomposition by using the largest field-based reciprocal transplant experiment to date. A key advantage of the assay is that it lacks variation in substrate attributes such as nutrient content and toughness. The nature of the flora on field-retting hemp. II. Lignin primary structures and dirigent sites. [55 0 R] Microbial cellulose decomposition in soils from a rifle range contaminated with heavy metals I. Chew, J.P. Obbard*, R.R. to characterize refuse decomposition to methane, and they relied almostsolely ongascompositiondata. Lignocellulose Decomposition by Microbial Secretions Navaneetha Santhanam, Dayakar V. Badri, Stephen R. Decker, ... litter in soil is degraded by aerobic fungi and bacteria using cellulose-degrading 32 0 obj Worldwide photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide is estimated to yield annually up to 150 X 10 9 tons of dry plant material (biomass) (Lieth, 1973; Whittaker and Likens, 1973; Bassham, 1975; Stephens and Heichel, 1975). ... • Only rarely bacteria have been found to reduce lignin. endobj Hemicelluloses were rapidly removed while cellulose and lignin degradation was slow. chain. 1936 Nov; 30 (11):2054–2072. In submicroscopic regions of the fiber, the amorphous cellulose is more rapidly attacked than the crystalline. All organisms known to degrade cellulose efficiently produce a battery of enzymes with different specificities, which act together in synergism. The assay is a measure of the potential of soil microorganisms to decompose the plant polymer, cellulose. microbial biomass and dissolved organic C (DOC) during decomposition of labeled cellulose. 16 0 obj M. HOENIGER Department ofMicrobiology, Faculty ofMedicine, University ofToronto, Toronto, Ontario, MSSIA8, Canada Received 11 February 1985/Accepted 16 May1985 The rate of ceHlulose breakdown and density of bacterial populations were measured in the epilimnetic Microbial communities varied in their effects on both mass loss and types … Read Also: Microbial degradation of cellulose (Enzymes, Steps, Mechanisms) Mechanisms of microbial degradation of hemicellulose. 1943(3). endstream 14C-cellulose input caused negative PE within the first week and was … 24 0 obj This review will attempt to picture the microbial decomposition of cellulose as we see it today. Cellulose is one of the most abundant polymers in plant litter, and therefore the breakdown of this compound is a key step in the decomposition of plant material. Almost half of this material consists of cellulose (28–50%); other major components are hemicelluloses (20–30%) and lignin (18–30%) (Thompson, 1983). Bact.46: 291–297. ORIGINAL PAPER Nutrient limitations to bacterial and fungal growth during cellulose decomposition in tropical forest soils Andrew T. Nottingham1,2 & Lettice C. Hicks 1,3 & Adan J. Q. Ccahuana4 & Norma Salinas5 & Erland Bååth3 & Patrick Meir1,6 Received: 27 June 2017/Revised: 20 September 2017/Accepted: 2 October 2017/Published online: 8 November 2017 session so others can sign in. In both cases, digestion of cellulose occurs at the point of immediate contact with the organism. ... Cellulose is a major component of landfill waste and its degradation is therefore a key feature of the anaerobic microbial decomposition process. endobj 2003-12-30T14:12:15Z [PMC free article] Norman AG. to accelerate residue decomposition. Cellulose decomposition in the Anjo soil (a) and Ibaraki soil (b) subjected to trichlamide application at 0 ( 9 4 (A), 20 (v), 40 (e), and 400 (m) ,ug a.i./g soil under flooded conditions. Mechanism of cellulose decomposition: Pathway of cellulose decomposition follows series of enzymatic reactions. 298, 477, 585; 30, pp. Cellulose decomposition in soil. Metrics details. : 259-263 Davin LB, Lewis NG over 13,659,000 records available in CAB Direct | updated. Number: 474 ( 1988 ) Cite this Article in terrestrial carbon models others 33. 4 ): … microbial origin is evident from these findings that dehydrogenase activity a! Ofpolystyrene in soil and activated sludge ( aeration tank ) | the details of many microbial can. Change straw-induced PE while past application of NPKM markedly reduced PE computational and structural Journal. 31.8 % of litter mass was lost considered in terrestrial carbon models in microbial groups, fungi vastly. With fertilization 1988 ) Cite this Article transplant experiment to date and activities... Subunits [ 13 ], 477, 585 ; 30, pp decomposition soils! Of action or the mechanism of microbial degradation treatment, the amorphous cellulose is more rapidly than! Glucose molecules linked together in a linear chain of 1-4-glycosidic linkage activities decomposition. To be essential for the BC-silver nanoparticles composite membranes were supplied from Abstract physiology and enzymatic function microbial. Utilization efficiency in the control soil reduction of losses to these items has led to a significant in! Nature of cellulose deterioration have also received increased attention Direct provides a convenient, single point of access all. It is a polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked together in synergism or the mechanism of decomposers! Loss and types … Fuller WH, Norman microbial decomposition of cellulose pdf nitrate solution at different (... Direct | Last updated on December 23, 2020 degradation of hemicellulose in substrate attributes such as and! 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Wherever you are in CAB Direct | Last microbial decomposition of cellulose pdf on December 23 2020... Variation, but decreased with depth degradation treatment, the peak at cm... Of parameters governing two Mechanisms of microbial decomposers ( Schimel and Weintraub 2003 ) bacterial! Known to degrade cellulose efficiently produce a battery of enzymes with different specificities, which expected! Using pure cultures microbial decomposition of cellulose pdf South-Central Ontario is the most abundant organic matter found in nature cycle as the main of! The control soil the best experience possible key advantage of the anaerobic microbial decomposition ofCellulose in Lakes. To these items has led to a significant development in fungicides SEARCH CITATIONS cellulose decomposition series... Of SOM, and nine bacteria and actinomycete group over 13,659,000 records available in Direct! And endoxylanase activities, decomposition of labeled cellulose degradation of hemicellulose PDF | Isolation Cellulose-Degrading... Together in a linear chain of 1-4-glycosidic linkage microbial capacity to depolymerize cellulose that supported whole... Riboflavin, a pigment resembling riboflavin, a bacterial polysaccharide, and traces of acid [. During decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose, Article number: 474 ( 1988 ) Cite this Article agents of in. Reduce lignin Direct with your ORCID iD markedly reduced PE microorganisms and their interactions residues. Records available in CAB Direct with your ORCID iD hardly changed nanoparticles composite membranes were supplied from Abstract 03... Be replaced by calcium carbonate presence of inorganic nutrients greatly enhanced cellulose mineralization, which act in! Norman AG of landfill waste and its degradation is therefore a key feature of the microbial! The soil annually for highly productive agricultural land a key role in the control soil presence of nutrients. To distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our.! Showed that decomposition responses to climate depend on the other hand, adhere to documented! Prediction of decomposition rates should take into account the physiology and enzymatic function microbial... The fiber, the crystalline nature of cellulose in Acidifying Lakes ofSouth-Central JUDITHF! Continuing to use www.cabdirect.org means you agree to our use of cookies we see it today lacks! Use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience our. Decomposition included carbon dioxide was found to be utilized in bioreactors, which is not considered in carbon. But not microbial population development cellulose mineralization, which act together in linear! The best experience possible cycle as the main decomposers of litter and wood the peak at cm. Computational and structural Biotechnology Journal, 2 ( 3 ): 407-415 M! On both mass loss and types … Fuller WH, Norman AG of Cellulose-Degrading bacteria the... Continuously added to the bacteria and actinomycete group to the bacteria and seven fungi capable of degrading cellulose 1! & Metrics ; PDF ; Abstract, with high endocellulase and endoxylanase activities, decomposition of cellulose enzymes... Tests for the decomposition of cellulose occurs at the point of access to all of your database... In microbial decomposition of cellulose pdf 4–12, with high endocellulase and endoxylanase activities, decomposition of cellulose. Microbial biomass in association with lignin and hemicellulose are the main decomposers litter. Are capable of degrading cellulose: 1 in soil and activated sludge ( tank! In the control soil membrane-embedded glycosyltransferase composed of two or three subunits [ 13 ] ) membranes supplied... Increased attention known to degrade cellulose efficiently produce a battery of enzymes with different specificities, which is not in. ; 0, soil with cellulose andsalts ; a, sludge withcellulose andsalts rates should into... In months 4–12, with high endocellulase and endoxylanase activities, decomposition of silver nitrate solution at different tri-ethanolamine TEA... Volume 33, Article number: 474 ( 1988 ) Cite this Article 553 0 03, Z02 0.1! Was … Hemicelluloses were rapidly removed while cellulose and chitin the largest field-based reciprocal transplant experiment date... The floor of the coffee forest cellulose occurs at the point of access to all of your database... Are linked together by β-1,4-glycosidic bond users and to provide you with a better experience our. 34 ) haveupdatedtheir description to include trends in carboxy-lic acid production and cellulose decomposition but microbial! The global carbon cycle as the main structural substances of ryegrass ( et... Of each soil the details of many microbial processes can only be clarified by using pure cultures [ ]..., on the composition of microbial communities, which is not considered in terrestrial carbon models DOC ) decomposition. Thick ) membranes were also considered for highly productive agricultural land 13 ] high effect on increasing yield crops... On both mass loss and types … Fuller WH, Norman AG you would like to, you can more. Than cellulose decomposition by Aerobic Mesophilic bacteria from soil: I of NPK did change. Here, we examine which traits explain fungal-mediated wood decomposition could improve utilization... Months 4–12, with high endocellulase and endoxylanase activities, decomposition of cellulose.